So, for example, when I type
man ls
I see LS(1)
. But if I type man apachectl
I seeAPACHECTL(8)
and if I type man cd
I end up with cd(n)
.
I'm wondering what the significance of the numbers in the parentheses are, if they have any.
ANSWER:-
The number corresponds to what section of the manual that page is from; 1 is user commands, while 8 is sysadmin stuff. The man page for man itself (
man man
) explains it and lists the standard ones:MANUAL SECTIONS
The standard sections of the manual include:
1 User Commands
2 System Calls
3 C Library Functions
4 Devices and Special Files
5 File Formats and Conventions
6 Games et. Al.
7 Miscellanea
8 System Administration tools and Deamons
Distributions customize the manual section to their specifics,
which often include additional sections.
There are certain terms that have different pages in different sections (e.g.
printf
as a command appears in section 1, as a stdlib function appears in section 3); in cases like that you can pass the section number to man
before the page name to choose which one you want, or use man -a
to show every matching page in a row:$ man 1 printf
$ man 3 printf
$ man -a printf
You can tell what sections a term falls in with
man -k
(equivalent to the apropos
command). It will do substring matches too (e.g. it will show sprintf
if you run man -k printf
), so you need to use^term
to limit it:$ man -k '^printf'
printf (1) - format and print data
printf (1p) - write formatted output
printf (3) - formatted output conversion
printf (3p) - print formatted output
printf [builtins] (1) - bash built-in commands, see bash(1)
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